Robert Snowden
Robert (Bob) Snowden, Professor Emeritus at Exeter University (UK)
Snowden was born on September 5, 1935. After six years of military service and five years serving as a police officer, he enrolled at Exeter University. He earned his doctorate in Psychology in 1971 with a thesis entitled 'Social Factors in the Use and Effectiveness of the Intrauterine Device'.
In the same year he founded the Family Planning Research Unit at the Department for Sociology at Exeter University, and in 1978 he established the Institute of Population Studies there too. Snowdon continued to be a Professor of Family Studies in the Department of Sociology until his retirement.
From 1973 through 1989 Snowdon acted as a research coordinator and consultant for WHO, Human Reproduction Unit: from 1969 through 1984 he served as consultant and research fellow for international projects at the Pathfinder Fund (Boston, USA). Many other functions and responsibilities would be worth noting. As of 1971 he authored over 100 publications for scientific journals, contributed nine comprehensive texts to reference books in the field and appeared as the main author, co-author and publisher of 10 additional textbooks.
Snowden's research was primarily concerned with personal and social factors in relation to human reproduction within various social environments in Britain and other countries. He established and coordinated an extensive family planning net in the UK consisting of 26 centers. He obtained research grants to a value exceeding 2.3 million pounds.
In 2007, he and his wife and collegue Elisabeth Snowden donated his collection of IUDs as well as books and papers to our museum.
Gravigard Copper Contraceptive
copper 7
Lippes Loop and applicator
Release of Franexamic Acid
The Emmett I.U.D. Thread Retriever
Thread retrieval device
I.U.D. Demonstration Model
A flat model for practicing application of different coil types …
Antigon with wings
Four-cornered, ring-shaped coil with small wings inwards and a magnetic …
Cu 7 with insertion device
Copper 7 coil with a plastic thread. In addition, a …
Copper T and insertion device
Copper T coil with plastic thread, plus small tube and …
M-Inserter
Insertion device for M-coils, slightly curved at the front. Sliding …
Saf-T-Coil 33-S with insertion device
Coil with two circling branches and a blue thread. The …
Saf-T-Coil Nullip 25-SX with insertion device
Nullip No.25-SX
Antigon
Antigon without wings
Retrievette IUD Thread Retriever
Device for removing a coil by its threads. At the …
Lippes Loop and Inserter
Double-S-shaped coil with a ball on its end and a …
Saf-T-Coil 32-S with insertion device
Coil with two inwardly curled ends and a blue thread. …
Tricept 25 (medium)
Copper T variation with ring
Cuprocept CCL
Copper T with insertion device
Tricept 20 (small)
Copper T variant with ‘small feet’ and a ring
Dalkon Shield (brown) with insertion device
Coil with four little ‘feet’ on both the left and …
LEM IUD and Inserter
Coil with a thread on which 8 copper balls are …
Multiloop and Inserter
Double coil in the shape of a pair of ‘Ls’ …
Margulies coil
Gynekoil shape
Pleated Membrane
IUD membrane with pleats
Saf-T-Coil 33-S on cardboard with insertion device
Mounted on black cardboard: coil with two branches that circle …
Dana and Inserter
Dana Super Fix Form
Antigon with insertion device
Four-cornered, ring-shaped coil with a magnetic metal strip on one …
Modified LEM
Undulating U-shaped coil in small transparent plastic bag, end of …
Dalkon Shield with insertion device
Coil with four little ‘feet’ on both the left and …
Cuprocept CCL
Copper T coil with slightly in-bent ‘arms’ and small ‘feet’ …
Uterocept Prototype
Contraceptive coil plus applicator
Butterfly
Following Dr H.G. Massouras’s method
No Gravid
Y-shaped coil wound round with copper, with two knobbles at …
Soonawala copper Y
Y-shaped coil round wound with copper. On one end is …
Multiload Mark II cu 380
Based on the Multiload IUD, van Os further improved it. …
Copper T variant with insertion device
T-coil with slightly dipped ‘arms’. The shaft is wound round …
Antigon Winged
IUD with Wings and magnets
Fincoid Copper 350
Intrauterine Copper Device
Multiload with insertion device
U-shaped coil with 10 small, protruding pegs; copper wire is …
Insertion device for Gräfenberg Ring
Metal rod with a notch at the front for inserting …
Wing Inserter
Insertion device for the K.S.Wing coil
Progestasert insertion device
Insertion device for a Progestasert coil, marked with a scale …
M-211
and insertion device
Hulka experimental IUD
A Hulka experimental IUD, a coil in form of a loop mounted …
Cross Device
Russian Cross
Ragab Ring
Hand-made coil from blue nylon threads that are knotted together …
Quadricoil
Similar to the Saf-T-Coil, a coil with a thread consisting …
Beospir D
This spiral-shaped coil is very similar to the ‘Margulies’ coil. …
Polish Spiran W
Coil with 2 ends that curl inwards. The coil is …
Birnberg Bow (IV Postpartum)
A mesh-shaped coil. This coil is an adapted variant of …
Birnberg Bow (V)
A mesh-shaped coil. This coil is an adapted variant of …
Birnberg Bow (VI)
A mesh-shaped coil. This coil is an adapted variant of …
Birnberg Bow (III Regular)
A mesh-shaped coil. This coil is an adapted variant of …
Copper T
Classic T made of white plastic. The central shaft is …
Spring Coil
An open circle made of plastic. A ball is fastened …
Corolle
Coil resembling an 'eggbeater', made up of several plastic wires, …
K.S. Wing coils
Six different K.S. Wing coils, distinguishable by their various sizes …
Copper 7
also called the Gravigard
Dalkon Shield, Gynae T, Multiload
Dalkon Shield, Gynae T and Multiload all with threads mounted on black …
Dalkon Shields
A Nullip Dalkon Shield, a standard Dalkon Shield and a …
Spring Coil
An open circle made of plastic. A ball is fastened …
Dalkon Shield und Copper-T
A Dalkon Shield and a Copper-T, both with threads mounted on black …
Dalkon Shields
A Nullip Dalkon Shield and a standard Dalkon Shield, both …
Birnberg Bow, Large Ancor and Shamrock
A Birnberg Bow (III) with white thread, a Large Anchor (invented …
Copper Omega
without tubes
Hall Band, Omga and diaphragm
An ‘Inhiband’ made of steel (invented by Dr Herbert Hall), …
Lippes Loops
4 historical Lippes Loops with variously coloured threads. The colours blue, …
Lippes Loops Postpartum
2 white postpartum Lippes Loops. One coil has a transparent …
Gräfenberg Rings
Three Gräfenberg Rings in different sizes and alloys mounted on black …
Yusei, Spira and Ota Rings
2 Yusei rings with and without a metal ring in …
Russian Cross and LEMs
A Russian Cross with blue thread, one LEM WITE COPPER …
Winata und Ragab Ring
Two Winata in different sizes, handmade from Indonesia and a …
Soonawala, Bow, Saf-T-Coil
A Soonawala coil made of polyethylene, with thread, from Mumbai; …
Quadricoil, Spring Coil, Organon
A Quadricoil with a blue thread, a Spring Coil with a …
Hong Kong Triangles
or the Ahmed IUD from Pakistan
Saf-T-Coil with copper
A small coil with two inwardly curled ‘branches’ and a …
Wolfers IUD
A circular coil with strips made of plastic and rolled …
Soonawala IUD
Coil in the form of a misshapen ‘S’ with white …
Modified Heart
Heart-shaped coil with five cross-bars and a light-blue thread.
Modified Heart
Heart-shaped coil with five cross-bars and a light-blue thread.
Heart IUDs
Heart IUDs and modified heart IUDs
Multiload CU 250
A Multiload CU 250 coil mounted on black cardboard.
Multiload CU 250 u. 200
A CU 250 and a CU 200 Multiload coil mounted on …
Copper T and Multiload
A copper T coil and a Multiload coil mounted on black …
Antigon
Three Antigon coilsn: one plain, one with wings on the …
Progestasert
A T-shaped coil made from a polymer that secretes progesterone …
Birnberg Bows
Three different Birnberg Bows mounted on black cardboard.
Dana Cor
Three Dana Cor coils in different sizes with threads mounted on black …
Latex Leafs
or Contraleaf, or Anderson Leaf
Plastic M
M-shaped coil made of white plastic with a light-blue thread. …
M coils
Two M-211s made of steel, 1 with a yellow thread, …
Progestasert Coil
Progestasert Coil in a box for demonstration.
Loading Device for copper-T
Before inserting a copper-T coil, the ‘arms’ have to be …
Saf-T-Coil 33-S
A coil with ends that spiral inwards. On one end …
Lippes Loop
Double-S made from opaque white plastic and knotted nylon thread …